The currently often stated comeback of religion can not only be seen in a modernisation of traditional forms of belief but also in a constantly growing popularity of alternative religious movements. When those alternative religions claim a spiritual European legacy, individual experience and myths of pre-Christian cultures meld together with influences in terms of the history of ideas of Romanticism, the philosophy of life and traditions of the western esoteric and thereby create distinctively new religious formations. Based on the latest case studies from Italy, Germany, Latvia, the Ukraine and the Netherlands, this anthology compares the contexts of emergence, worldviews, religious norms and social functions of such contemporary alternative religious movements of European origin such as Wicca, Asatru, Goddess movement or Satanism. As basic determining elements for these different beliefs prove to be not just experienced religious aspects and elements with regard to world views, but also the dialectics of self- and other-exclusion amidst a Christian “Leitkultur”. In this context, ‘the other faith’ functions as a touchstone for our dealing with the right for the free practice of religion.